课件定语从句(26篇)
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定语从句的课件 篇1
教学内容：discovering useful structures部分首先要求学生从文中找出定语从句进行分析，其次考查了定语从句关系词的选择。
教材和学生分析：
本案例是从实际应用的角度学习语法知识，在现实的情境中应用语法知识。语法知识的学习尽可能从实际应用的角度入手，让学生在相对真实的日常生活和学习的情景中感到在语言的应用中需要语法知识，要确保交际的准确，就需要学习和掌握语法知识。
教学目标：
1.掌握定语从句的关系代词that, which, who, whose的用法。
2.培养在交际环境中应用定语从句的语言运用能力。
教学重难点：定语从句中交际环境中的应用能力。
教学过程：
step 1：示范
教师利用多媒体向学生展示本校优美的校园和丰富的校园生活。请学生描述所看到的情景和人物，教师同时向学生用含有定语从句的句子总结学生的表述，引出定语从句。
学生：this is our classroom. it is bright and big. or: this is our classroom. we study in the classroom every day.
教师：this is our classroom that is bright and big. or: this is our classroom where we study every day.
学生：this is our english teacher. he loves us all. or: this is our english teacher. his pronunciation is perfect.
教师：this is our english teacher who loves us all. or: this is our english teacher whose pronunciation is perfect.
设计意图：
课前用数码相机拍几张校园里的人和物的图片，上课时用多媒体展示给学生看，让学生有亲近感，拉近了师生距离，使学生产生表达的欲望。
学生的已有语言基础充许他们介绍所看到的图片，教师在学生描述的基础上，用合并两个简单句的方法，导入定语从句。
step 2：语言活动
game 1：一个比划一个猜
游戏规则：
1． 两个人配合，一个人面对屏幕、另一个人背对屏幕，面对屏幕的用英语解释屏幕上出现的某种事物，背对屏幕的那个人则要根据同伴的解释猜出它的名称。
2． 规定所猜的单词必须是教室范围以内的。
3． 全班分几个小组，老师在屏幕上展示一张物品或人物图片，然后由面对屏幕的同学用英语来进行解释，解释对了而且同伴答对了，加一分，如果使用定语从句进行解释，就再加一分。
some objects that are used in the game:
computer, dictionary, textbook, chair, money, door, eraser, television, pocket, chalk, window, pen, glasses, shoes, paper, knife, pencil, keys, clock, door, water, knife, wall, keyboard, floor
door: something you open before you enter a house or a room
water: something that you drink when you are thirsty
television: something which can broadcast news and other programs
…
其中有一些单词需要用介词加关系代词引导的定语从句来进行解释，如：
dictionary: a book in which we can find the meanings or the pronunciation of a new word
chair: a piece of furniture on which people sit
money: something with which we can buy things
computer: a machine with which we are playing the game
game 2：竞猜游戏（判断他／她是谁或它是什么）
1． 活动形式：6～8人小组活动
2． 情境设置：教师先对教室里的人、事或物进行口头描述。学生听后作出口头反应（说出是谁或是什么）。例如：
t: she is a girl who got three gold medals in the last sports meet.
s: wu yan.
t: right. now another one. it is a book that can tell you the meaning of new words when you study english.
s:a dictionary.
3． 游戏规则：游戏分初赛和复赛；初赛后每组选出优秀选手3人参加复赛。为了使任务更加有趣，组员每猜中一次可得一分；教师将学生猜中的人或物写在黑板上，以防重复猜测；最后角逐出前三名，并予以奖励。
4． 操作步骤：
i. 教师布置任务，讲清游戏规则；
ii. 学生活动，教师当裁判并维持秩序；
iii. 角逐出复赛选手，复赛后予以奖励。
5． 注意事项：
学生熟悉了该游戏后，教师可以加大游戏的难度。教师可以联系学生的实际，拓宽要猜测的人、事或物的范围。教师事先准备一些图画、照片或卡片（上面有文字），将学生分为两组：一组描述，另一组猜测。例如：
he is the first chinese who travelled in a spaceship.
the girl who played the heroine in titanic.
the city that will hold the 29th olympic games.
the first european who discovered america.
设计意图：
传统的语法教学常采用“定义－讲解－释疑－练习”的方式，很难给学生提供用所学的语法项目进行真实交际的机会。而通过游戏教学语法，让学生在完成一定的任务中，在自己已有知识基础上，通过同伴互助和教师的帮助，在实际运用语言的过程中掌握新知识，新课改强调让学生运用所掌握的语言知识去表达有意义的思想；而不是仅仅把教学的重点集中在语言本身的形式上（龚亚夫，罗少茜，2003）。根据对定语从句的功能（主要是用来描述、定义和补充说明）的理解，定语从句的教学不是为了让学生能在考试中选出某一道题的正确答案，而是让学生能运用定语从句描述或辨别他们所熟悉的。人、事或物，学会定义某个名词，或通过阅读定义准确理解和掌握词义。因此，教师在学生掌握定语从句的基本规则后，应尽可能给学生提供表达的机会，使他们能够用所学语法项目进行口头或笔头的交流，以促使其对该语法项目的理解、掌握与运用。语法教学的目的是要通过灵活的教学设计来突出语法的精髓，通过丰富的情景创设来活化语法，让语法教学生动起来，从而帮助学生在完成任务的过程中将孤立和零碎的语言知识转化为灵活运用语言的能力。
step 3：归纳
要求学生总结定语从句中关系代词that/which, who/whom/whose的用法，从而实现目标的达成。用多媒体展示如下的表格，要求学生填写红色部分。
设计意图：
学生在进行大量的口头练习后，对定语从句有了很多的感性认识，但这时的知识还是不很系统的，因此下一步，教师应该帮助学生对语言材料进行总结，找出其中规律性的内容，这样便于学生更好地理解定语从句，从而能更好地在语言实践中应该定语从句。利用表格进行知识归纳可以使知识更直观，更有系统性。
初中定语从句课件 篇2
一、教学目标
通过本章复习, 使学生明白定语从句的构成和用法。
二、教学重点和难点
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别；关系代词与关系副词引导定语从句的不同；介词+关系代词引导定语从句；关系代词who, that, which的用法区别。定语从句与同位语从句及其一些句子结构的区别。
三、教学方法
Teacher
1．什么是定语从句?
2．被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。连接先行词与定语从句的引导词叫关系词，其中 which, that, who, whom, whose 这些词叫关系代词，它们在句中用来指人或事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，whom 只能作宾语。作宾语时，关系代词可省略。而 when, where, why 这些词是关系副词，他们在句子中用来作状语。（请同学们根据以上所述, 给出一些例句, 用来说明。）
3．以上关系代词在使用时也是有很多区别的。（请同学们看下面的句子, 然后说出使用关系代词 that 的原因。）
A．All that is worth doing should be done well.
B．The only thing that she could do was to ask the police for help.
C．We will never forget the first lesson that our English teacher gave us.
D．What is the smallest thing that can be seen under a microscope?
E．The visitors spoke highly of the children and the performances that they saw.
F．Who is the person that let out the secret?
4．下面讲一下只能用关系代词 which 引导的定语从句。
A．在非限制性定语从句中, 指物时只能用 which 不能用 that。
B．在定语从句中, 介词+关系代词引导定语从句指物时, 只能用 which 不能用 that。
（请同学们给出上面两种情况的例句。）
5．对于“介词+关系代词”引导宾语从句, 如何选介词这个问题, 可归纳为下面几点：
A．根据宾语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配。如：Do you know the man with whom you just shook hands?
（句中的 with 来自习惯搭配 shake hands with）
B．由先行词来决定。如： I'll never forget the day on which I joined the Party.
C．由句子表达的全部意义来确定。如：Water is very important for us without which we can't live.
6．有下面两种情况：
A．先行词 all, any 和 a few 指人时, 如：
Any who breaks the law will be punished.
B．先行词是 this, that, those 或 these 且指人时。
Those who hadn't bought the ticket for the train crowded in the waiting hall.
7．请看下面句子, 然后分析一下：
A．The engineer whose son is in America is very kind.
B．Look at the house whose roof is red.
8．请看下面句子, 然后分析一下：
A．I'll go to any place where people need me.
B．I still remember the day when I joined the army.
C．I don't know the reason why he was late.
9．那么, 表示地点、时间的名词后面都被关系副词引导的定语从句所修饰吗？
10．我们知道 as 也可作为关系代词, 引导定语从句, 包括非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句, 井且多与 such, the same as 并用。 （请同学们翻译下列的句子。）
A．我们知道, 指南针最早是中国人发明的。
B．这支钢笔和我昨天丢的那支很相似。
C．他们今年生产的钢和去年一样多。
D．我们应该和这样的热心、勤奋的人交朋友。
Students
1．在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。连接先行词与定语从句的引导词叫关系词，其中 which, that, who, whom 这些词叫关系代词，它们在句中用来指人或事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，whom 只能作宾语。作宾语时，关系代词可省略。
2．A．Here is the pen that you lost yesterday. （that 用来指物, 在从句中作宾语, 可以省略掉, that 也可用 which 代替。）
B．The girl who told me the news is not here now. （who 用来指人, 在从句中作主语, that 可以代替 who 用来指人。）
C．The woman who / whom / that you saw in the park is our English teacher. （whom 只能用来指人, 只能作宾语, 在从句中可以省略。）
3．刚才所说的6个句子的宾语从句, 关系代词只能用 that 而不能用其他关系代词, 下面逐个分类分析：
A．先行词是 all, much, little, none, the one 或由 no-, any-, every- 构成的复合代词时。
B．先行词被 all, every, some, little, much, the only, the very 等修饰时。
C．先行词是序数词或被序数词限定时。
D．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
E．先行词同时包含人和事物时。
F．当主句是 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时, 为避免重复, 习惯上多用 that。
4．
A．She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.
非限制性定语从句与主句用逗号隔开, 非限制性定语从句引导词不用that。
B．The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
介词in也可以放在定语从句谓语动词之后, 关系代词which或that可省略。
5．定语从句中, “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。关系词前选什么样的介词对我们来说有时束手无策, 希望老师能够归纳出几点巧妙的.判断规律。
6．When shall we use the relative pronoun“who”and“whom”?
7．这两句中的定语从句都是由 whose 引导的, 在从句中 whose 只能作定语。
A 句中 whose 修饰人。
B 句中 whose 修饰物, 这个句子相当于：Look at the house the roof of which is red. 或：Look at the house with a red roof.
8．这三个句子中, 所含的定语从句都是由关系副词引导的。
A．where 引导的定语从句修饰一个表地点的名词, where 本身作从句中谓语的地点状语, 这时, where 可由介词 to + which 来替代。
B．when 引导定语从句修饰一个表示时间的名词, when 在从句中作时间状语, when 可用介词 on＋which 来替代。
C．why 引导定语从句修饰一个表示原因的名词, why 在从句中作原因状语。why 可用介词 for + which 来替代。
从以上三个句子来看, 关系副词引导定语从句, 一般情况下, 都可用“介词+关系代词”来替换关系副词。
9．不一定。如果表地点或表时间的名词在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 就不能用关系副词引导宾语从句, 而应由相应的关系代词引导。如：
A．Mike is studying in a school that/which was built in 1928．
B．Those days that / which we spent with Mary were wonderful.
10．
A．As is known to all, the compass was first made in China.
B．This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
C．They have produced as much iron this year as they did last year.
D．We ought to make friends with such people as kind and hard working.
定语从句语法课件 篇3
定语从句概述
I关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who,whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。例如：
Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）
Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语）
II.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例如：
Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn. 北京是我的出生地。
Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
III.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。
I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
I关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who,whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。例如：
Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的`书。
3）which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）
Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语）
II.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例如：
Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn. 北京是我的出生地。
Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
III.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
课件定语从句 篇4
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语）
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的'含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例 如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从 句，在非正式文体中that常被省略（正式文体中不可省略），例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要 求用关系代词。例如：
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，应选择关系代词；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选 择关系副词。
例如：（对）Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
（对）Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
课件定语从句：
定语从句课件 篇5
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。
例如：
is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
he is the man whom/that i saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
例如：
they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如：
a prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）
the package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语）
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
例如：
there are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
beijing is the place where (in which) i was born.
北京是我的出生地。
is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后代替when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。
例如：
his father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
he is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
3. 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
例如：
this is the mountain village where i stayed last year.
这是我去年呆过的山村。
i'll never forget the days when i worked together with you.
我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
（错）this is the mountain village where i visited last year.
（错）i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.
（对）this is the mountain village (which) i visited last year.
（对）i'll never forget the days (which) i spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。
例1. is this museum ____ you visited a few days ago?
a. where b. that c. on which d. the one
例2. is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
a. where b. that c. on which d. the one
答案：例1 d；例2 a
例1变为肯定句： this museum is ____ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： this is the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
在例1中，从句中所缺部分为宾语，而主句中又缺表语，所以只有the one可以作主句的表语，而关系代词作从句的宾语可以省略，所以选d。
而例2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用关系副词where，又可用介词in + which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选a。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。
4. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
例如：
this is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2）当先行词是专有名词或有物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
例如：
charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
例如：
he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5. 介词+关系词
(1) 介词后面的关系词不能省略；
(2) that前不能有介词；
(3) 关系副词when，where，why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此，常常可以和“介词|+which”结构交替使用。
例如：
this is the house where (in which) i lived two years ago.
这是我两年前住过的房子。
do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club?
还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
6. as和which引导的非限定性定语从句
由as和which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句。as一般放在句首，which在句中。
例如：
as we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们很重要。
典型例题：
1. alice received an invitation from her boss, ___ came as a surprise.
a. it b. that c. which d. he
答案：c。此句为which引导的非限定性从句；that不能引导非限制性定语从句；it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。
2. it rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.
a. that b. which c. as d. it
答案：b。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的`整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1) as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可；
(2) as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为b。
7. what/whatever; who/whoever; that/what
(1) what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：
what you want has been sent here. 你要的东西都送到这里来了。
whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。
(2) who = the person that；whoever = anyone who。例如：
(错) who breaks the law will be punished.
(错) whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
(对) whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。
(对) who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。
(3) that和what
当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，that是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句中的that常可省略；what引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
例如：
i think(that) you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。
what we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。
8. 关系代词that的用法
(1) 不用that的情况：
●引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
the tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.（错）
●介词后不能用that。例如：
we depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。
we depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况：
●在不定代词，如anything，nothing，the one，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。例如：
all that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
●先行词有the only，the very修饰时，只用that。例如：
he is the only person that attended the meeting. 他是唯一参加这个会议的人。
●先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时，只用that。例如：
this is the most exciting film i have ever seen. 这是我看过的最令人兴奋的电影。
●先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
they talked of things and persons that they remembered. 他们谈论着他们记得的人和事。
高中定语从句课件 篇6
一．几个基本概念
1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why
5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】
6.引导词的功能(作用)：
﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型：
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导
The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
I live in a house far away from the city， in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate， on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom，指物用which)引导。One， some， any， none， all， both， several， many， most， neither， either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children， two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children， and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books， none of which is/are interesting.
(比较：We have three books， but none of them is/are interesting.)
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer， whose leg was badly hurt， was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤)
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)
3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。指人做主语时只能用who， 做宾语时用whom；
指物做主语，宾语都用which； 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。
The man， ______ is sitting on the chair， is my father.
The woman， _______ I met yesterday， is my English teacher.
The city， _______ is far away， is very beautiful.
He went to America， ______ his parents live.
He joined the Army yesterday， ______ I left， too.
4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：
The house， whose window faces south， is mine.
=The house， the window of which faces south， is mine.
=The house， of which the window faces south， is mine.
二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。
Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there？
2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语(动宾或介宾)。
① 当作动宾(动词后接宾语)时，关系代词可省略。
Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now？
② 当作介宾(介词后接宾语)时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.
The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
※注：固定的动词短语(动词+介词)如look for， take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。
She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
3.whose： 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语(动宾或介宾)即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.
I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. (主语)
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. (动宾)
The boss in whose company I work is very kind. (介宾)
4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语(动宾或介宾)。
① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。
② 当作介宾时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.
The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.
The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.
The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
※注：介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。
※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 “the same …as…；such …as…；so …as…；as … as…；as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m)， which， 或that引导定语从句：
Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.
Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.
My hometown is no longer the same as it was.
Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.
The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).
I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.
He is not such a person as I expected.
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
※注：which和as可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。因此，当as/which指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数.
Our team lost the game， as/which was reported in the newspaper.
She was terrified， as/which I could see from her eyes.
He married her， as/which was natural.
区别：
①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。
He married her， as/which was natural.
=As was natural， he married her.
Mark Twin is a great writer， which/as is known to all.
=As is known to all， Mark Twin is a great writer.
②as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。常用句型有：
as we all know， as is known to all， as everybody can see， as is expected， As is known/ said/ reported/ told/ we all know等。如：
As we all know， paper was first made in China.
To shut your eyes to facts， as many of you do， is foolish.
③主句和从句有因果关系时，用which.
Our class has won the football match， which made us very happy.
Bamboos are hollow， which makes them very light.
④从句含否定意义时常用which.
She didn’t pass the exam， which we couldn’t expect.
She didn’t pass the exam， as we expected.
6.when关系副词：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表时间的名词)。
I still remember the time when I joined the League.
=I still remember the time on which I joined the League.
=I still remember the time (which/that) I joined the League on.
7.where关系副词：指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表地点的名词)。
I still remember the school where I joined the League.
=I still remember the school in which I joined the League.
=I still remember the school (which/that) I joined the League in.
※注：对关系副词when， where的认识。
①. 先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the time (which/that) I spent in Beijing.
②. 先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。
This is the factory (which/that) he visited yesterday.
③. 当句型为It/This/That is(was) the first(second…last) time引起的句子时用that连接其后的句子。此时的time是次数，不是时间。
It/This is the first time that we travel.
It/This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
8. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason，不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。Why= for which
I don’t know the reason why he was late yesterday.
The reason why(for which) he was late is that he missed the bus.
※注：当先行词为reason时，关系副词并非都用why。
This is the reason (that/ which) he gave/ explained to us.
【判断用关系代词还是关系副词】
从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。试比较：
I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.
( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.
( 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 )
The reason (that/which)he gave for not coming to school yesterday isn’t believable.
( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday isn’t believable.
( 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 )
三. 值得注意的几个问题：
第一. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用that的情况。
1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that has been shown this year.
This is the first book (that) I borrow from the library.
※He is the first student that/who came to school today.
2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。
He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited.
3.当先行词本身是all的，用that。(all that=what)
All that (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.
=All (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.
Go over all that (what) we learned.
=Go over all (what) we learned.(that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略)
4.先行词为something， anything， nothing， everything， thing时，用that.
I’ll tell you anything (that) I know.
5.当先行词前有all， much， little， many， (a) few， every， some， any， no， only， the very， one of， the only， the last， the next等修饰语时。
This is one of the books (that) I’m very interesting in.
※ This is one of the books in which I’m very interesting.
This is the only book (that) I read.
He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.
All the glasses that were on the table fell off onto the floor.
6.(人，物)，当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时，用that引导以避免混淆.
Who is the man that is talking with the lady？
Which of you that know the answer can come to the front？
7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用that.
He likes the girl that she used to be.
第二. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用which的情况。
1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时.
The room in which he lives is very large.
2.引导非限定性定语从句时(主，宾都用which，都不能省略).
Football， which is a very interesting game， is played all over the world.
The house， which I visited yesterday， is very large.
3.which指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性定语从句.
He always makes fun of me， which upsets me.
第三.其他特殊情况.
1.先行词是these， those指人时，关系代词只用who.
Those who are playing over there are my students.
2.先行词是人称代词(he， she…)时，关系代词只用who.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
3.不定代词someone， anyone， everyone， no one， somebody， anybody， everybody作先行词时，关系代词用who.
Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.
4.①先行词是the only one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用单数形式(因为此时的先行词是the only one，而不是of 后的可数名词复数).
He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.
This is the only one of the books that is borrowed.
②先行词是one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式(因为此时的先行词是of 后的可数名词复数，而不是one).
This is one of the students who are late.
5.当主句缺先行词时，用the one 代替，但须注意：the one只能代替可数名词单数.如为不可数名词时，指什么用什么.
Is this school the one I visited yesterday？
Is pop music the music he likes best？
6. 当先行词是the way，在定语从句中充当方式状语时(the way表“以…方式/方法”)，引导词通常用that或省略，也可用in which.
I don’t like the way (that) you speak.
=I don’t like the way in which you speak.
=I don’t like the way (which/that) you speak in.
【“介词+关系代词”十种情况】
在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下：
1.介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when， where和why。如：I still remember the day on which (when) I first came to school.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。
The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大工厂。
This is the reason for which (=why) he was late.这就是他为什么迟到的原因。
2.介词+which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓一般要倒置。
They arrived at a farmhouse， in front of which sat a small boy.他来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。
I saw a man， on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的'头上站着一只鸟。
3.介词+ which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。如：
Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat？你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？
The man， from whom I learned the news， is an engineer.这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这消息的。
4.介词+which/whom，用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的出发者。如：
The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。
The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是个好猎手。
5.不定代词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分，常用的不定代词有：both， all， any， some， each， none， most等。如：
There are a lot of books here， none of which belongs to me.这儿有许多书，可一本也不属于我。
Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes， all of which were expensive.昨天玛丽买了一些衣服，他们都很贵。
6.数词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体与部分的关系。数词可以是基数词、序数词、分数或百分数。如：
In our class there are fifty-four students， twenty-five of whom are girls.我们班有54名学生，25人是女生。
Two watches were stolen， one of which was mine.两只手表被偷了，其中一只是我的。
7.名词+of+which代替whose+名词，在定语从句中作定语。如：
I saw some trees， the leaves of which (=whose leaves) were black with disease.我看见一些树，他们的叶子因害病而发黑。
I live in a house， the windows of which are all broken.我住在一所房子里，其窗都破了。
8.介词+ which(指物)/ whose(指人)修饰后边的名词。如：
It rained all night and all day， during which time the ship was broken into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在这期间轮船撞碎了。
The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司机就是那个人，她从他的房间偷走地图。
9.形容词最高级+of+which/whom结构，在定语从句中，作定语，表部分关系。如：
China has thousands of islands， the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。
In our class there are twenty girls， the cleverest of whom is Li Hua.我们班有20名女生，最聪明的是李华。
10.介词+which+不定式。此种用法多见于正式文体中，相当于一个定语从句。如：
At last he had something about which to write home.他终于有了给家里写信的内容了。
He had no key with which to open the door.他没有开门的钥匙。
He has a small room in which to live.
【运用定语从句时应注意的几个问题】
1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应和先行词的人称和数保持一致。
This is one of the books which were written by Mark Twain.这是马克吐温所写的书中的一本。(先行词是books，因此动词应用were。)
2. 关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当一个句子成分，因此要注意避免从句中句子成分的重复出现。
This is the most beautiful place that I have visited it.
This is the most beautiful place that I have visited. 这是我参观过的最美的地方。(去掉it，因that代替先行词the most beautiful place在定语从句中作visit的宾语，再加it就多余了。)
The school where I worked there is a big one.
The school where I worked is a big one.我所工作过的学校是一所大学校。(去掉there，因where既引导定语从句，又在从句中代替in the school作状语。)
3. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不可省略。
The books were on the table were given to you.
The books that were on the table were given to you.桌上的那些书是给你的。(关系代词that作主语不能省)
4. “one of the +复数名词”后的定语从句中谓语动词的单复数情况。
“one of the +复数名词”时，复数名词是先行词，所以谓语动词常用复数形式。如果“one of the +复数名词”前面有the very /only等修饰语，则谓语动词用单数形式，因为先行词是，而不是复数名词。如：
He is the only one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班唯一说日语的学生。(the only one是先行词)
He is one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班里说日语的学生之一。(students是先行词)
5. 定语从句中who和whom的选用。
关系代词who/whom引导定语从句时，作主语用主格who，作宾语用宾格whom。在其引导的定语从句带有插入语，而又不用逗号分开时，要用who。
Mary is a girl who I think is clever.
在定语从句who I think is clever中， I think是插入语，去掉后Mary is a girl who is clever是一个完整的句子，who是定语从句的主语，不能用whom替换。但下面的句子，情况就不同了：
Mary is a girl whom I think to be clever.在定语从句whom I think to be clever中，如把I think看作插入语而去掉，则剩下的部分Mary is a girl whom to be clever很明显不是一个完整的句子结构，所以I think不能被看作是插入语，而是定语从句在的主谓结构，whom作think的宾语，to be clever是whom的宾补。
6. 定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的选择取决于它们在从句中所充当的句子成分。如作主语和宾语用关系代词；作状语，用关系副词。
I’ll never forget the day when I went abroad myself.(when在从句中代替时间状语on the day，此句可分解为I’ll never forget the day. I went abroad myself on the day.)
I’ll never forget the days that we spent together.(that代替the days，在从句中作spent的宾语，该句可分解为I’ll never forget the days. We spent the days together.)
定语从句讲解课件 篇7
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的'关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意：
(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What‘s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
练习题
I.单项填空
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Yes， he‘s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who‘s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
Ⅱ、用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?
参考答案：
I.1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD
定语从句复习课件 篇8
（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，
同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2）用which而不用 that的'情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
3）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
4）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
2、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3、定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。
e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
定语从句复习练习
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.
2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
4. The students will not pass the exam . They don’t study hard.
5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.
11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.
12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.
13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.
14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.
15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.
16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.
17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.
20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.
二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:
1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.
2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.
3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.
5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.
6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.
三、选择填空：
1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.
A. who B. which C. whom D. when
2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?
A. when B. where C. which D. who
5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.
A. which B. that C. whom D. as
6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.
A. whom B. which C. who D. when
7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?
A. when B. where C. which D. who
8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?
A. who B. / C. that D. when
9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.
A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who
10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.
A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which
11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking
12. The man ____ around our school is from America.
A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed
13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.
A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who
14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?
A. that B. whom C. when D. whose
16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. that B. which C. whatever D. all
17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those
18. This is the very letter ____came last night.
A. who B. which C. that D. as
19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.
A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one
20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
A. where B. / C. when D. what
21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. on which
22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.
A. which B. in which C. that D. /
23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.
A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which
24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?
A. that B. which C. its D. whose
25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom
26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago?
A. the one B. which C. that D. where
27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?
A. the one B. where C. in which D. /
28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A. it B. which C. that D. he
30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.
A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were
31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.
A. which B. whose C. where D. in that
32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis.
A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it
33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which
34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.
A. when B. that C. at which D. where
36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.
A. which B. as C. that D. it
38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.
A. What B. As C. That D. Which
39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.
A. whose B. that C. whom D. who
40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.
A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which
41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?
A. why B. which C. for that D. of which
42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.
A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed
44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
A. It B. Which C. As D. That
45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.
A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what
46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
48. He is absent ____ is often the case.
A. what B. which C. who D. as
49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who
52. This is the only book ____ I can find.
A. that B. which C. it D. with which
53. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.
A. something could do B. anything we could do
C. nothing we couldn’t do D. nothing we could do
参考答案
一、1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. The magazine which he has taken away is mine. 4. The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 5. The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6. The letter I received yesterday is from my sister. 7. The play that we saw last night was wonderful. 8. The train which was going to Nanning was late. 9. The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother. 10. The tree he is climbing is quite tall. 11. Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop. 12. That’s the child whose drawing we were looking at just now. 13. This is the boy whose sister is a favous singer. 14. I want to talk to the boy whose homework hasn’t been handed in. 15. Is that the woman whose daughter is in my class? 16. He used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees. 17. They passed a factory, at the back of which there were rice fields. 18. The soldier ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. 19. In the evening they arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple. 20. She came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table.
二、1. to whom; 2. wiht which; 3. with whom; 4. about which; 5. in which; 6. of which
三、1~5 ABACD 6~10 CDCCA 11~15 CCADA 16~20 ACCAB 21~25 ABBDC
26~30 ADABD 31~35 BBDCA 36~40 CABCC 41~45 AADCD 46~50 BBDAB
定语从句最新课件 篇9
定语从句课件篇一
一、设计背景
1． 初步掌握及运用定语从句，如让学生用定语从句来完成对人物喜欢的人物进行描述，如I like music that I can dance to. She is the only one who’s studying French.等。
2． 本课的学习任务就是能初步掌握及运用定语从句，为了使学生顺利地完成教学任务，教师以学生为主体，为学生设计了几个以他们的认知水平出发的符合生活实际的他们感兴趣的一环扣一环的子任务，每个子任务紧紧围绕总任务展开，再深入，在一个一个完成任务的活动中培养学生的能力。
二．教学目标
（1）语言目标：能用定语从句较自如地描述及谈论人和物。在活动中训练学生的听力，口头表达能力，培养学生的观察，想象和创造力。
（2）情感目标：促进同学间积极合作交流，发展同学间的友谊 。
2．教学方法 ：多媒体的运用能创设真实的语言情景，学生也很感兴趣，极大地鼓动了学生学习英语的积极性，而且呈现在课堂上能使教学更生活化，也更直观和具体。
三、教学方法
以学生为主体，用多媒体辅助教学，通过帮助学生理解、归纳、总结、讨论等方式学习定语从句，由于本节课是学生第一次系统学习定语从句，要达到让学生初步掌握定语从句这一目的。
四、学法指导、自主学习、合作学习
五、教学过程
第一环节： 观察以下例句：
1.The red pen is broken.
2.The pen on the desk is broken.
3.The pen that I bought yesterday is broken.
导入：通过对定语的理解，导入定语、定语从句的概念，定语：用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子，当修饰词是一个句子时被称为定语从句。通常置于它所修饰的词之后，这种被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等，关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。
例句分析：
I like to have friends who are like me.
I like to have friends who are different from me.
He is the only one who is studying French.
Be careful of the person who doesn’t speak and the dog that doesn’t bark.
You can’t wake up a person who pretends to sleep.
He who can’t get to the Great Wall is not a true man.
I like musicians who play different kinds of music.
Another that he found very difficult is grammar.
The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.
Being a professional athlete is the only thing that I have ever wanted to do.
I like music that I can sing along with.
I like music that has great lyrics.
I like music that I can dance to.
得出结论1)当先行词是物时
a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that引导，且不能省略.b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that引导，且可以省略.
2)当先行词是人时
a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that引导，且不能省略.b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that/whom引导，且可以省略.
第二环节：在学生对定语从句有了初步的了解后，创设情境，学以致用，让学生分组活动，根据多媒体呈现的情境，有创造性地造句：
This is a singer who/that …
who is a boy.
who is very shy.
who writes his own songs.
who has a song calledQinghuaci.
Who I like best.
It’s an animal that/which is very strong.
It’s an animal that/which has long nose and big ears.
It’s an animal that/which I like very much.
第三环节：在学生对一般的规律都把握好以后，把学生的易错点和定语从句的考点呈现在屏幕上，让学生仔细观察并作出总结，该环节设计得很好，很好地训练了学生的观察能力和主动探究的能力，效果较好。
仔细观察：你会发现什么？
1) I prefershoesthat are cool.
2) I likea pizzathat is really delicious.
3) I lovesingerswho are beautiful.
4) I havea friendwho plays sports.
学生观察后得出的结论为：
who/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。
第四环节：小节本堂课的内容
什么是定语？
什么是定语从句？
定语从句的结构是什么？
关系词有几重作用？
此环节让学生对所学的知识加以升华，并在大脑里形成知识框架，把知识系统化。
第五五环节：巩固练习---以检查学生是否真正掌握本堂课的知识，实践证明，学生掌握得很好。
第六环节：合作探究
留给学生的问题
1.如果先行词既有人又有物，用什么关系词？
2.如果先行词是时间，用什么关系词？
3.如果先行词是地点，用什么关系词？
4.关系词whose怎么用？
通过此环节给学生留下思维拓展的空间，也为以后的学习做好铺垫，体现学习的延续性。
课堂小结：通过例子让学生总结定语从句的规律和特点，同时总结不同关系词的用法。在这节课中，学生对定语从句这一语法项目有了不同程度的巩固和深化。
六、课后反思：
提倡任务型教学活动，是为了让学生们在教师的指导下，通过感知，体验，实践，参与合作等方式，力求最大限度地把语言能力的培养落实到教学过程的每一个环节，逐步实现预定的任务目标并感受成功。我在这堂课的设计里要求自己新颖别致，突出故事的完整性，要有一气呵成的感觉，重点落实，定语从句自始至终贯穿每个环节，活而不乱，生动有趣，贴近生活，气氛活跃。能发挥学生们的主体互动性和能动性，在完成任务的'过程中能积极参与。课后感觉任务型教学有所体现，学生们积极性高，参与面广，训练量较大，能初步运用定语从句。
但在教学过程中，我意识到：有个别学生基础太差，虽在课堂中他们也积极参与，但有时很盲目，甚至不知道老师和同学们在进行什么内容，从他们的目光和神态中，我了解到他们对知识的渴求，我暗自告诉自己，一定要帮助他们，这很难，但一定要坚持，决不放弃。
定语从句课件篇二
Ⅰ. 定义
定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词, 关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as；关系副词：when, where, why。
eg. She is the girl who sings best of all.
The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.
Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.
Ⅱ. 关系代词
1.先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who, that
eg. He is a man（ ） never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.
2. 先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用 whom, who, that,
eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.
The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.
3. 先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which, that
eg . The train （ ） has just left is for Guangzhou.
Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.
4. 先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which, that,或省略
eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.
The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.
5. 先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose
eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson.
China, （ ） population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.
Ⅲ. 关系副词
1.先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when
eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.
I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army.
2.先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where
eg. This is the village （ ） Uncle Wang once lived.
They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane.
3. 先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用why
eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late.
None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词 + which”来代替。
eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when （ = ） the People’s Republic of China was founded.
This is the factory where（= ） we worked a year ago.
I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school.
Ⅳ. 关系代词that & which的区别:
⒈ 只用that的情况
① 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。
eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it.
② 先行词被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修饰时。
eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for.
③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen.
④ 先行词既有人又有物时。
eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school.
⑤ 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。
eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows.
⑥ 句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。
eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom?
⒉ 不能用 that的情况：
① 引导非限制性定语从句；
eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry.
② 介词 + 关系代词。
eg. This is the room in（ ） my father lived last year.
Ⅴ. as引导定语从句时的用法(as 相当于that & which)
① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you.
Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China.
② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
Tai·wan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China.
Ⅵ. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区别:
限制性定语从句: 一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。通常译为定语。
非限制性定语从句: 通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常译为并列的句子。
eg. I was the only person in our office （ ） was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
Tom’s father, （ ） is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
Ⅶ. 分隔定语从句
即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分隔开来。
此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要注意找准先行词。
eg. There is an expression in his eyes （ ）I can’t understand.
I was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball.
I suggest you choose someone I think ( ) is very kind and friendly.
选择填空：
1. It was April 29,2011 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
2.)Gutter oil is illegally recycled cooking oil, contains chemicals that are harmful to the human body and can even cause cancer.
A. it B. which C. where D. that
3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
4. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ------- uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
7. A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
8. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ------ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
9 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ------ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ------ had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
11. The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where
12.He was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise for it.
A. what; what B. what; that C. that; what D. that; that
13.The moon travels round the earth once every month, is known to everybody.
A. it B. as C. that D. what
14. is often the case with elder people, my grandma, talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
15.After graduating from high school, you will reach a point in your life ------- you need to decide what to do.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
16.The novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since thenD. since when
17.Books bring us into the presence of the greatest minds have ever lived.
A. which B. who C.不填 D. that
18.The world is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
19.David is such a good boy all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
20.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
21.He was very angry and I can still remember the way he spoke to me.
A. how B. that C. what D. which
22.That’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
23.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ------- I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
中学定语从句课件 篇10
1 复习和掌握定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用和功能，能准确选择定语从句所需的关系代词或关系副词。
2 能较好地运用定语从句，能正确组织包含定语从句的复合句。
3通过学习调动学习积极性，使学生体会到英语的趣味和实用性。
二、重难点：
提高学生对语法复习的兴趣和积极性，较好地掌握定语从句的用法，理解定语从句，运用知识点解题。
三、学情分析
语法向来是学生头痛的一项内容，而定语从句在历来的中考试题中都有所体现，因此,掌握这一内容显得尤其重要。而对于我们农村学生来说，英语的基础比较差，再加上语法复习基本以呈现理论为主再辅以练习，内容枯燥，学生兴趣不够，容易分散注意力，所以应溶入一些新的教学元素。中学生争强好胜，喜欢新事物，于是我考虑借用大家感兴趣的话题通过竞争法、音像法等促进学生的热情，增强学习的效果。
四、教学方法
以学生为主体，尝试创新思维，联系社会采用讨论、协作、探究、竞争的教学模式，引导学生灵活运用所学语法知识。
五、教学手段
利用多媒体计算机创设教学情景、问题情景，扩大教学容量，增强教学的趣味性和时效性。
六、课前准备
教师准备相关多媒体课件。
七、教学课时：一课时
八、教学过程
Step 1：示范
教师利用多媒体向学生展示本校优美的`校园和丰富的校园生活。请学生描述所看到的情景和人物，教师同时向学生用含有定语从句的句子总结学生的表述，引出定语从句。
学生：This is our classroom. It is bright and big. Or: This is our classroom. We study in the classroom every day.
教师：This is our classroom that is bright and big. Or: This is our classroom where we study every day.
学生：This is our English teacher. He loves us all. Or: This is our English teacher. His pronunciation is perfect.
教师：This is our English teacher who loves us all. Or: this is our English teacher whose pronunciation is perfect.
设计意图：
课前用数码相机拍几张校园里的人和物的图片，上课时用多媒体展示给学生看，让学生有亲近感，拉近了师生距离，使学生产生表达的欲望。
学生的已有语言基础充许他们介绍所看到的图片，教师在学生描述的基础上，用合并两个简单句的方法，导入定语从句。
Step 2：语言活动
Game 1：一个比划一个猜
游戏规则：
1． 两个人配合，一个人面对屏幕、另一个人背对屏幕，面对屏幕的用英语解释屏幕上出现的某种事物，背对屏幕的那个人则要根据同伴的解释猜出它的名称。
2． 规定所猜的单词必须是教室范围以内的。
3． 全班分几个小组，老师在屏幕上展示一张物品或人物图片，然后由面对屏幕的同学用英语来进行解释，解释对了而且同伴答对了，加一分，如果使用定语从句进行解释，就再加一分。
Some objects that are used in the game:
Computer, dictionary, textbook, chair, money, door, eraser,
television, pocket, chalk, window, pen, glasses, shoes, paper, knife, pencil, keys, clock, door, water, knife, wall, keyboard, floor
Door: something you open before you enter a house or a room
Water: something that you drink when you are thirsty
Television: something which can broadcast news and other
programs
其中有一些单词需要用介词加关系代词引导的定语从句来进行解释，如： Dictionary: a book in which we can find the meanings or the
pronunciation of a new word
Chair: a piece of furniture on which people sit
Money: something with which we can buy things
Computer: a machine with which we are playing the game
Game 2：竞猜游戏（判断他／她是谁或它是什么）
1． 活动形式：6～8人小组活动
2． 情境设置：教师先对教室里的人、事或物进行口头描述。学生听后作出口头反应（说出是谁或是什么）。例如：
T: She is a girl who got three gold medals in the last sports meet. S: Wu Yan.
T: Right. Now another one. It is a book that can tell you the meaning of new words when you study English.
S:A dictionary.
3． 游戏规则：游戏分初赛和复赛；初赛后每组选出优秀选手3人参加复赛。为了使任务更加有趣，组员每猜中一次可得一分；教师将学生猜中的人或物写在黑板上，以防重复猜测；最后角逐出前三名，并予以奖励。
4． 操作步骤：
1） 教师布置任务，讲清游戏规则；
2） 学生活动，教师当裁判并维持秩序；
3） 角逐出复赛选手，复赛后予以奖励。
5． 注意事项：
学生熟悉了该游戏后，教师可以加大游戏的难度。教师可以联系学生的实际，拓宽要猜测
英语定语从句课件趣味 篇11
一、定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：a、引导定语从句；b、代替先行词；c、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：
the man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）
和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）
不用逗号分开
一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that引导
不可用关系代词that引导
可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）
不可以省略
可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）
不能替代
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分
修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。
请看下面例句的不同含义：
限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。
she has two sons who are p.l.an.
(maybe she has other sons who are not p.l.an.)
非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。
she has two sons，who are p.l.an.
(she has only two sons.they are both p.l.an.)
三、关系代词的用法区分
1.修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分
?只能使用that的情况：
（1）当先行词即有人又有物时。
eg. i won’t forget the things and the persons that i saw.
（2）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
eg. this is the first book that i bought myself.
the biggest bird that i caught is this bi...
英语定语从句课件趣味 篇12
Ⅰ. 定义
定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词, 关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as；关系副词：when, where, why。
eg. She is the girl who sings best of all.
The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.
Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.
Ⅱ. 关系代词
1. 先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who, that
eg. He is a man（ ） never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.
2. 先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用 whom, who, that,
eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.
The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.
3. 先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which, that
eg . The train （ ） has just left is for Guangzhou.
Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.
4. 先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which, that,或省略
eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.
The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.
5. 先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose
eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson.
China, （ ） population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.
Ⅲ. 关系副词
1. 先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when
eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.
I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army.
2. 先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where
eg. This is the village （ ） Uncle Wang once lived.
They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane.
3. 先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用why
eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late.
None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词 + which”来代替。
eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when （ = ） the People’s Republic of China was founded.
This is the factory where（= ） we worked a year ago.
I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school.
Ⅳ. 关系代词that & which的区别:
⒈ 只用that的情况
① 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。
eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it.
② 先行词被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修饰时。
eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for.
③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen.
④ 先行词既有人又有物时。
eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school.
⑤ 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。
eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows.
⑥ 句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。
eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom?
⒉ 不能用 that的情况：
① 引导非限制性定语从句；
eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry.
② 介词 + 关系代词。
eg. This is the room in（ ） my father lived last year.
Ⅴ. as引导定语从句时的用法(as 相当于that & which)
① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you.
Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China.
② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China.
Ⅵ. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区别:
限制性定语从句: 一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。通常译为定语。
非限制性定语从句: 通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常译为并列的句子。
eg. I was the only person in our office （ ） was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
Tom’s father, （ ） is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
Ⅶ. 分隔定语从句
即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分隔开来。
此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要注意找准先行词。
eg. There is an expression in his eyes （ ）I can’t understand.
I was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball.
I suggest you choose someone I think ( ) is very kind and friendly.
选择填空：
1. It was April 29,2011 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
2.)Gutter oil is illegally recycled cooking oil, contains chemicals that are harmful to the human body and can even cause cancer.
A. it B. which C. where D. that
3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
4. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ------- uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
7. A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
8. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ------ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
9 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ------ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ------ had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
11. The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where
12.He was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise for it.
A. what; what B. what; that C. that; what D. that; that
13.The moon travels round the earth once every month, is known to everybody.
A. it B. as C. that D. what
14. is often the case with elder people, my grandma, talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
15.After graduating from high school, you will reach a point in your life ------- you need to decide what to do.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
16.The novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
17.Books bring us into the presence of the greatest minds have ever lived.
A. which B. who C.不填 D. that
18.The world is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
19.David is such a good boy all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
20.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
21.He was very angry and I can still remember the way he spoke to me.
A. how B. that C. what D. which
22.That’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
23.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ------- I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
定语从句总复习课件 篇13
以定语从句的形式合并这两句The factory lies in the west of the city. His father has ever worked there.
定语从句,就是两句话合成一句话.第一句话中有个the factory,第二句话中有there 但这个there 所指的就是the factory.照答案的意思就是将句子改成意思为“这个我爸爸曾工作过的工厂坐落在城市的西边”,所以可以定下先行词,就是the factory.在此,我想说一句在难度不大的句子中,必须先找到先行词,一般来说,先行词比较好找,你可以翻译两句话的意思,再考虑这两句话的相同处.把你的句子作为例句吧.第一句：这个工厂坐落在城市的西边.第二句,我爸爸曾在这里(这个工厂)工作.两句话的相同处为工厂,那么可以确定先行词为the factory..(也可以找两句话中相同的词,不过不太实用,像对于你的这个例子就不实用)那么第一句话不变,我们把第二句话话原是先行词(The factory)的部分去掉(就是把第二句的there去掉),然后,把修改过的第二句话移到第一句话的先行词后,并在第一句话的先行词后加上一个合适的关系代词(如that which where who why 等),那么就是【先行词+ 关系代词+定语从句(也就是修改后的第二句话)】当然,修改后的第二句话之后还要跟上第一句话的剩下部分,这样一个基本的定语从句就完成了.
接下来是关于选择合适的关系代词的问题.我们要考虑先行词在定语从句中的成分.在例句中,也就是找出the factory 在第二句话中所做的成分.因为有there ,这很好判断,就是地点状语,所以,关系代词只能用where.这样就可以确定关系代词了.
当先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语,那么关系代词是用where
若为时间状语,用when;原因状语,用why;
当先行词是人且先行词在定语从句中做主语,关系代词可用who that
当先行词是人且在定语从句中做宾语,关系代词：who that whom或省略不用
还有情况,就是关系代词只能用that 、which 、whom 、who、why、when、where的情况,因为太长,而且,语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常
出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的`花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18.5 介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
as 的用法
例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如：
I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2) The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)
18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever
1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如：
What you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。
Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：
(错)Who breaks the law will be punished.
(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
(对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。
(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：
I think(that)you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。
What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。
18.9 关系代词that 的用法
1)不用that的情况
a) 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。例如：
We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
定语从句的课件 篇14
一、设计背景
1． 初步掌握及运用定语从句，如让学生用定语从句来完成对人物喜欢的人物进行描述，如i like music that i can dance to. she is the only one who’s studying french.等。
2． 本课的学习任务就是能初步掌握及运用定语从句，为了使学生顺利地完成教学任务，教师以学生为主体，为学生设计了几个以他们的认知水平出发的符合生活实际的他们感兴趣的一环扣一环的子任务，每个子任务紧紧围绕总任务展开，再深入，在一个一个完成任务的活动中培养学生的能力。
二．教学目标
（1）语言目标：能用定语从句较自如地描述及谈论人和物。在活动中训练学生的听力，口头表达能力，培养学生的观察，想象和创造力。
（2）情感目标：促进同学间积极合作交流，发展同学间的友谊 。
2．教学方法 ：多媒体的运用能创设真实的语言情景，学生也很感兴趣，极大地鼓动了学生学习英语的积极性，而且呈现在课堂上能使教学更生活化，也更直观和具体。
三、教学方法
以学生为主体，用多媒体辅助教学，通过帮助学生理解、归纳、总结、讨论等方式学习定语从句，由于本节课是学生第一次系统学习定语从句，要达到让学生初步掌握定语从句这一目的。
四、学法指导、自主学习、合作学习
五、教学过程
第一环节： 观察以下例句：
1. the red pen is broken.
2. the pen on the desk is broken.
3. the pen that i bought yesterday is broken.
导入：通过对定语的理解，导入定语、定语从句的概念，定语：用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子，当修饰词是一个句子时被称为定语从句。通常置于它所修饰的词之后，这种被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等，关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。
例句分析：
i like to have friends who are like me.
i like to have friends who are different from me.
he is the only one who is studying french.
be careful of the person who doesn’t speak and the dog that doesn’t bark.
you can’t wake up a person who pretends to sleep.
he who can’t get to the great wall is not a true man.
i like musicians who play different kinds of music.
another that he found very difficult is grammar.
the other day, my friends and i talked about the rules that we have in school.
being a professional athlete is the only thing that i have ever wanted to do.
i like music that i can sing along with.
i like music that has great lyrics.
i like music that i can dance to.
得出结论1)当先行词是物时
a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that引导，且不能省略.b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that引导，且可以省略.
2)当先行词是人时
a. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that引导，且不能省略.b. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that/whom引导，且可以省略.
第二环节：在学生对定语从句有了初步的了解后，创设情境，学以致用，让学生分组活动，根据多媒体呈现的情境，有创造性地造句：
this is a singer who/that …
who is a boy.
who is very shy.
who writes his own songs.
who has a song called qinghuaci.
who i like best.
it’s an animal that/which is very strong.
it’s an animal that/which has long nose and big ears.
it’s an animal that/which i like very much.
第三环节：在学生对一般的规律都把握好以后，把学生的易错点和定语从句的考点呈现在屏幕上，让学生仔细观察并作出总结，该环节设计得很好，很好地训练了学生的观察能力和主动探究的能力，效果较好。
仔细观察：你会发现什么？
1) i prefer shoes that are cool.
2) i like a pizza that is really delicious.
3) i love singers who are beautiful.
4) i have a friend who plays sports.
学生观察后得出的结论为：
who/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。
第四环节：小节本堂课的内容
什么是定语 ？
什么是定语从句？
定语从句的结构是什么？
关系词有几重作用？
此环节让学生对所学的知识加以升华，并在大脑里形成知识框架，把知识系统化。
第五环节：巩固练习---以检查学生是否真正掌握本堂课的知识，实践证明，学生掌握得很好。
第六环节：合作探究
留给学生的问题
1.如果先行词既有人又有物，用什么关系词？
2.如果先行词是时间，用什么关系词？
3.如果先行词是地点，用什么关系词？
4.关系词whose怎么用？
通过此环节给学生留下思维拓展的空间，也为以后的学习做好铺垫，体现学习的延续性。
课堂小结：通过例子让学生总结定语从句的规律和特点，同时总结不同关系词的用法。在这节课中，学生对定语从句这一语法项目有了不同程度的巩固和深化。
六、课后反思：
提倡任务型教学活动，是为了让学生们在教师的指导下，通过感知，体验，实践，参与合作等方式，力求最大限度地把语言能力的培养落实到教学过程的每一个环节，逐步实现预定的任务目标并感受成功。我在这堂课的设计里要求自己新颖别致，突出故事的完整性，要有一气呵成的感觉，重点落实，定语从句自始至终贯穿每个环节，活而不乱，生动有趣，贴近生活，气氛活跃。能发挥学生们的主体互动性和能动性，在完成任务的`过程中能积极参与。课后感觉任务型教学有所体现，学生们积极性高，参与面广，训练量较大，能初步运用定语从句。
但在教学过程中，我意识到：有个别学生基础太差，虽在课堂中他们也积极参与，但有时很盲目，甚至不知道老师和同学们在进行什么内容，从他们的目光和神态中，我了解到他们对知识的渴求，我暗自告诉自己，一定要帮助他们，这很难，但一定要坚持，决不放弃。
定语从句优秀课件 篇15
Ⅰ. 定义
定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词, 关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as;关系副词：when, where, why。
eg. She is the girl who sings best of all.
The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.
Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.
Ⅱ. 关系代词
1. 先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who, that
eg. He is a man( ) never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.
2. 先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用 whom, who, that,
eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.
The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.
3. 先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which, that
eg . The train ( ) has just left is for Guangzhou.
Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.
4. 先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which, that,或省略
eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.
The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.
5. 先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose
eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson.
China, ( ) population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.
Ⅲ. 关系副词
1. 先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when
eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.
I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army.
2. 先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where
eg. This is the village ( ) Uncle Wang once lived.
They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane.
3. 先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用why
eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late.
None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词 + which”来代替。
eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when ( = ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
This is the factory where(= ) we worked a year ago.
I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school.
Ⅳ. 关系代词that & which的区别:
⒈ 只用that的情况
① 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。
eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it.
② 先行词被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修饰时。
eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for.
③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen.
④ 先行词既有人又有物时。
eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school.
⑤ 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。
eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows.
⑥ 句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。
eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom?
⒉ 不能用 that的.情况：
① 引导非限制性定语从句;
eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry.
② 介词 + 关系代词。
eg. This is the room in( ) my father lived last year.
Ⅴ. as引导定语从句时的用法(as 相当于that & which)
① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you.
Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China.
② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China.
Ⅵ. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区别:
限制性定语从句: 一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。通常译为定语。
非限制性定语从句: 通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常译为并列的句子。
eg. I was the only person in our office ( ) was invited.(去掉定语从句，意思就不完整)
Tom’s father, ( ) is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(整个句子可分成两句来翻译)
Ⅶ. 分隔定语从句
即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分隔开来。
此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要注意找准先行词。
eg. There is an expression in his eyes ( )I can’t understand.
I was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball.
I suggest you choose someone I think ( ) is very kind and friendly.
定语从句教学课件 篇16
一、课堂导入
教师读句子，让学生听并复述
1. she is the girl who has blue eyes.
2. I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue.
3. A telephone is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
4. I like this person that has 3 story books
5. This is the office where he worked.
6. I don’t know the reason why he came so late.
二、复习预习
教师引导学生复习上节课所学的反意疑问句，包括反意疑问句的形式，祈使句的反意疑问句，there be句型的反意疑问句等， （以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对反意疑问句具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的定语从句。
三、知识讲解
知识点1：定语从句的概念和先行词
1. 【考查点】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（而在一个句子中充当整个句子的宾语的句子叫做宾语从句）
如：I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue. (定语从句)
我爱眼睛是蓝色的这位英语老师
I don’t know (宾语从句)
我不知道你怎样才能到达那个公园。
2. 【考查点】被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
如：A friend is someone who says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”
A Wechat (微信) is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
知识点2：定语的关系词~关系代词
1.【考查点】既能指物也能指人的关系代词 that，whose。
如： ① I like this person that has 3 story books. (先行词是人person)
②先行词是物book)
①（先行词是teacher）
②先行词是dog)
2、【考查点】只能用来指代人的关系词who, whom.
如：Is he the man who wants to see you?
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
3、【考查点】只能指代物的关系词which。
如：A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
4、【考查点】关系词在句子中充当的成分。
如：1、（who/that在从句中作主语）
他就是你想见的人吗？
2、他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
3、作宾语） which / that在句中（
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
4、（(只用作定语)
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
（注：当上题先行词指物时它还可以同of which互换）
如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书
知识点3：关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
【考查点】关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
知识点4：关系词的`选择取决于从句中的谓语动词
1.【考查点】 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
四、例题精析
【例题1】
【题干】Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
【答案】A
【解析】： 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用
来引导定语从句。 who而用that
【题干】Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
【答案】：D
【解析】：将疑问句改为陈述句：this research center is…显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。
【题 干】
The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
【答案】：B
【解析】 因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用语从句。 where引导定
【题干】
—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
【答案】：C 【解析】：因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。
五、课堂运用
【基础】
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where
【答案】A
【解析】：which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
【答案】C.
【解析】"和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
【答案】
【解析】是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 D. where
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
【答案】. C.
【解析】
是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 when
【巩固】
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
【答案】A.
【解析】 which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
【答案】C.
【解析】which是关系代词，在从句中作visit的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
【答案】 A.
【解析】where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
【拔高】
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
【答案】 A.
【解析】with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
高中定语从句的课件 篇17
一、定语从句
定语从句(Attributi ve Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语， 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which“结构，因此常常和”介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
四、判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
答案：例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D.
而句2中， 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A.
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
五、限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的`定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词， 对其进行修饰， 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
六、介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
七、as, which非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. itB. thatC. whichD. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which,it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it
答案B.which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.
A. thatB. whichC. asD. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B.
As 的用法
例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构， 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
八、先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
what/whatever/that……
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
九、关系代词that的用法
1)不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在there be 句型中，只用that,不用which.
b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that,不用which.
c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that.
d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that.
e)先行词既有人，又有物时。
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察
十、请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。
1. This is the factory where we visited last week.
2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking.
3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
4. The house in that we live is very small.
5. The sun gives off light and warmth，that makes it possible for plants to grow.
6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.
8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.
10. His dog，that was now very old，became ill and died.
11. The reason which he didn’t go to school is that he was ill.
12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
13. The boy，his mother died last year，studies very hard.
14. I have two sisters，both of them are doctors.
15. We’re going to visit the school where your brother works there.
16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening.
17. That is the way which they work.
18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.
19. Who is the man who has white hairs？
20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea.[1][2]
英语定语从句课件趣味 篇18
定义：在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句.
结构：先行词＋关系词（分为关系副词和关系代词）＋从句.
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词通常位于定从前.
关系代词、关系副词：位于先行词和定从之间,它既起了连接作用,又充当从句的一个成分.
定语从句知识大讲解
一. 定语从句的概念
定语从句:指在在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二.引导定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which,
who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when,
why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三. 定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四. 关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who
用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that,
which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English
novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, theone等不定代词指物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in theroom.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f. 主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which,例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a. 先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b. 关系代词前有介词时,which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
c. 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指事物时,用which, 而不用that,例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy.
汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五. 关系副词的用法
1. when指时间,其先行词表示时间,when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。
2. where指地点,其先行词表示地点,where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。
3. why 指原因,其先行词是原因,why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
英语定语从句课件趣味 篇19
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that（指人或物），which（指物），who (指人）。指人时可用that或who；指物时可用that或which；但有时只能用that，不能用which。
英语that定语从句常见的情况有下列五种：
1）当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。例如：
Is thereanythingthat I can do for you?
有什么可以为你做的吗？
Allthat can be done must be done.
凡是能做的都必须做。
2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：
That is one ofthe most interestingbooks that are sold in the bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The firstthing that we should do is to get some food.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last等修饰时。例如：
My necklace is notthe onlything that's missing.
我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。
4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which或who。例如：
Who is the girlthat is wearing a red coat?
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？
5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如：
The writer and his novelthat you have just talked about are really well known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
解剖：要搞清这个问题，我们首先要明白这样一个规定：which用来指代具体的，特定的物，或者说明晰的物，而who用来指具体的人，特定的人，或者说明晰的人。那么上帝当初把that创造出来，还有一个目的，就是要用它来指代非特定的，非具体的，非同一的，模糊的，泛指的人或物，或人和物的混合。还有一个问题是，上帝创造英语时，同样也要考虑到的。那就是，英语作为这个物质世界的一个存在，如同人类这个物质存在一样，也要讲究美，没有理由的“重复”肯定不是美的（当然也会讲究简洁等，所认我们学英语一定要把“英语”当作“人”一样来对待，因为在上帝眼中，英语与人同样是他的子民。哈哈，题外话说得太多了，这个大问题留待以后再讲）。
一、1---3种情况所表示人或物均不是特定的，即是泛指的，所以只能用that.
二、第4种情况，如果用who或which会导致从复。
三、第5种情况，先行词里既有人又有物，如果用who,完成了指人，但是把物漏掉了，反之亦然，这显然不行，所以那就只能用that了。
只能用that的几种情况：
1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。
如：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事，凡是你所知道的请告诉我。
2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。
如：You can take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。
There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。
3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如：When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人们谈论起中国的城市的时候，我首先 想到的是北京。
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。
4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
如：The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。
5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。
如： This is the very book that I'm looking for. 这正是我在找的书。
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。
如：I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的`书。
6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。
如：Who that has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他？
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？ 哪个是离地球比较近的星星？
8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
如：That's a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本对你很有帮助的书。
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。
9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间，可用that或when引导，都可省略。
如：I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地记得当我第一次听到世界上最美的声音的时候。
I did't remember the exact time （when/that） I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。
英语定语从句课件趣味 篇20
1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.
3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为的字结构);而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。(见上句翻译)
比较: He has a sister, who is a musician.
He has a sister who is a musician.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.
1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.
2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.
3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
定语从句的讲解课件 篇21
一、课堂导入
教师读句子，让学生听并复述
1. she is the girl who has blue eyes.
2. I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue.
3. A telephone is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
4. I like this person that has 3 story books
5. This is the office where he worked.
6. I don’t know the reason why he came so late.
二、复习预习
教师引导学生复习上节课所学的反意疑问句，包括反意疑问句的形式，祈使句的反意疑问句，there be句型的反意疑问句等， (以提问、回顾的形式进行)，针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对反意疑问句具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的定语从句。
三、知识讲解
知识点1：定语从句的概念和先行词
1. 【考查点】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。(而在一个句子中充当整个句子的宾语的句子叫做宾语从句)
如：I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue. (定语从句)
我爱眼睛是蓝色的这位英语老师
I don’t know (宾语从句)
我不知道你怎样才能到达那个公园。
2. 【考查点】被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
如：A friend is someone who says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”
A Wechat (微信) is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
知识点2：定语的`关系词~关系代词
1.【考查点】既能指物也能指人的关系代词 that，whose。
如： ① I like this person that has 3 story books. (先行词是人person)
②先行词是物book)
①(先行词是teacher)
②先行词是dog)
2、【考查点】只能用来指代人的关系词who, whom.
如：Is he the man who wants to see you?
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
3、【考查点】只能指代物的关系词which。
如：A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
4、【考查点】关系词在句子中充当的成分。
如：1、(who/that在从句中作主语)
他就是你想见的人吗?
2、他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
3、作宾语) which / that在句中(
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
4、((只用作定语)
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
(注：当上题先行词指物时它还可以同of which互换)
如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书
知识点3：关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
【考查点】关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
知识点4：关系词的选择取决于从句中的谓语动词
1.【考查点】 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
四、例题精析
【例题1】
【题干】Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
【答案】A
【解析】： 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用
来引导定语从句。 who而用that
【题干】Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
【答案】：D
【解析】：将疑问句改为陈述句：this research center is…显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。
【题 干】
The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk cor第一文库网rectly and safely.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
【答案】：B
【解析】 因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用
语从句。 where引导定
【题干】
—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
【答案】：C 【解析】：因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。
五、课堂运用
【基础】
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where
【答案】A
【解析】：which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
【答案】C.
【解析】"和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
【答案】
【解析】是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 D. where
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
【答案】. C.
【解析】
是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 when
【巩固】
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
【答案】A.
【解析】 which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
【答案】C.
【解析】which是关系代词，在从句中作visit的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
【答案】 A.
【解析】where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
【拔高】
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
【答案】 A.
【解析】with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
课程小结
本节课主要围绕定语从句的常考点展开，即：定语从句的概念，定语从句的关系词，定语从句的先行词等。需要重点掌握的是定语从句的先行词和定语从句的关系词。此外，在初中阶段也会经常接触到定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择，因此，这个考点也需要重点掌握。
近年中考对语法点的考查往往是与语境想结合，因此，同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目，灵活地运用语法知识。
初中定语从句的课件 篇22
在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的.从句称为定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词成为先行词。定语从句由关系代词（which，that，who，whom，whose）或关系副词（when，where，why）引导。
二、 例句
1. The flowers which I grew in the garden last month will bloom soon.
2. The man who telephoned me just now is a writer. This is the place where my mother was born.
三、 关系代词的选择
1. 充当主语的关系代词 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作主语，who 用于人，which用于物，that既可以指人可以指物。
2. 充当宾语的关系代词 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作谓语动词宾语，who ,whom 用于指人，which用于指物。that 既可以指人，也可以指物。在非正式文体中可省略。The suit(which/that) the tailor suited for me doesn’t fit me.
3. 作介词宾语的关系代词 在限制性和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，whom 用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.
四、 辨析
常用that 的几种情况
1. 先行词前含形容词最高级、序数词或only作第一文库网修饰语. This is the best film that has ever been made.
2. 先行词前含不定代词，如all ，anything，nothing，little，much等。
That is all (that) I want to say.
3. 先行词为人和物的名词组。
They talked of persons and things that they remembered in the school.
五、 关系副词的选择
When 和 where 可以用于限制和非限制性定语从句中，why只能用于限制性定语从句中。它们在从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，其结构相当于“介词+关系代词”.
1. I still remember the day when/on which we firstmet.
2. The city where /in which I was born is on the newrailway line. This is the reason why/for which he left school.
定语从句 练习题
1. The doctor _______ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him
B whom the nurse is talking
C whom the nurse is talking to
D who the nurse is talking
2. I don’t like such a person ____ often lies before your face.
A .what B. that C. as D. which
3. This is the very boy ____ I have been looking for.
A. which B. what C. who D. whom
4. He talked about the people and things ____interested him greatly during his stay here.
A. which B. that C. who D. they
5.(双选) Carmen likes musicians ____play different kinds of music.
A. who B. whom C that D. which
初中定语从句讲解课件 篇23
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）
The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的'老师是谁？（作宾语）
注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用介词+which/whom结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
（4）关系词只能用that的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
小学定语从句优质课件 篇24
一教学目标
1 复习和掌握定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用和功能，能准确选择定语从句所需的关系代词或关系副词。
2 能较好地运用定语从句，能正确组织包含定语从句的复合句。
3通过学习调动学习积极性，使学生体会到英语的趣味和实用性。
二、重难点：
提高学生对语法复习的兴趣和积极性，较好地掌握定语从句的用法，理解定语从句，运用知识点解题。
三、学情分析
语法向来是学生头痛的一项内容，而定语从句在历来的中考试题中都有所体现，因此,掌握这一内容显得尤其重要。而对于我们农村学生来说，英语的基础比较差，再加上语法复习基本以呈现理论为主再辅以练习，内容枯燥，学生兴趣不够，容易分散注意力，所以应溶入一些新的教学元素。中学生争强好胜，喜欢新事物，于是我考虑借用大家感兴趣的话题通过竞争法、音像法等促进学生的热情，增强学习的效果。
四、教学方法
以学生为主体，尝试创新思维，联系社会采用讨论、协作、探究、竞争的教学模式，引导学生灵活运用所学语法知识。
五、教学手段
利用多媒体计算机创设教学情景、问题情景，扩大教学容量，增强教学的趣味性和时效性。
六、课前准备
教师准备相关多媒体课件。
七、教学课时：一课时
八、教学过程
Step 1：示范
教师利用多媒体向学生展示本校优美的校园和丰富的校园生活。请学生描述所看到的情景和人物，教师同时向学生用含有定语从句的句子总结学生的表述，引出定语从句。
学生：This is our classroom. It is bright and big. Or: This is our classroom. We study in the classroom every day.
教师：This is our classroom that is bright and big. Or: This is our classroom where we study every day.
学生：This is our English teacher. He loves us all. Or: This is our English teacher. His pronunciation is perfect.
教师：This is our English teacher who loves us all. Or: this is our English teacher whose pronunciation is perfect.
设计意图：
课前用数码相机拍几张校园里的人和物的图片，上课时用多媒体展示给学生看，让学生有亲近感，拉近了师生距离，使学生产生表达的欲望。
学生的已有语言基础充许他们介绍所看到的图片，教师在学生描述的基础上，用合并两个简单句的'方法，导入定语从句。
Step 2：语言活动
Game 1：一个比划一个猜
游戏规则：
1． 两个人配合，一个人面对屏幕、另一个人背对屏幕，面对屏幕的用英语解释屏幕上出现的某种事物，背对屏幕的那个人则要根据同伴的解释猜出它的名称。
2． 规定所猜的单词必须是教室范围以内的。
3． 全班分几个小组，老师在屏幕上展示一张物品或人物图片，然后由面对屏幕的同学用英语来进行解释，解释对了而且同伴答对了，加一分，如果使用定语从句进行解释，就再加一分。
Some objects that are used in the game:
Computer, dictionary, textbook, chair, money, door, eraser,
television, pocket, chalk, window, pen, glasses, shoes, paper, knife, pencil, keys, clock, door, water, knife, wall, keyboard, floor
Door: something you open before you enter a house or a room
Water: something that you drink when you are thirsty
Television: something which can broadcast news and other
programs
其中有一些单词需要用介词加关系代词引导的定语从句来进行解释，如： Dictionary: a book in which we can find the meanings or the
pronunciation of a new word
Chair: a piece of furniture on which people sit
Money: something with which we can buy things
Computer: a machine with which we are playing the game
Game 2：竞猜游戏（判断他／她是谁或它是什么）
1． 活动形式：6～8人小组活动
2． 情境设置：教师先对教室里的人、事或物进行口头描述。学生听后作出口头反应（说出是谁或是什么）。例如：
T: She is a girl who got three gold medals in the last sports meet. S: Wu Yan.
T: Right. Now another one. It is a book that can tell you the meaning of new words when you study English.
S:A dictionary.
3． 游戏规则：游戏分初赛和复赛；初赛后每组选出优秀选手3人参加复赛。为了使任务更加有趣，组员每猜中一次可得一分；教师将学生猜中的人或物写在黑板上，以防重复猜测；最后角逐出前三名，并予以奖励。
4． 操作步骤：
1） 教师布置任务，讲清游戏规则；
2） 学生活动，教师当裁判并维持秩序；
3） 角逐出复赛选手，复赛后予以奖励。
5． 注意事项：
学生熟悉了该游戏后，教师可以加大游戏的难度。教师可以联系学生的实际，拓宽要猜测的人、事或物的范围。教师事先准备一些图画、照片或卡片（上面有文字），将学生分为两组：一组描述，另一组猜测。例如：
He is the first Chinese who travelled in a spaceship.
The girl who played the heroine in Titanic.
The city that will hold the 29th Olympic Games.
The first European who discovered America.
高中定语从句改错课件 篇25
定语从句该错 每句只有一处错
1. The man which talked to you just now is an engineer.
2. I still remember the days which we studied together.
3. in fact the Swede did not understand the three questions in which were asked in French.
4. To get the job started, all what I need is your permission.
5. I can still remember the sitting-room that my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
6. A child his parents are dead is called an orphan.
7. Finally, the thief handed everything which he had stolen to the police.
8. His parents wouldn’t let him marry the girl her family was poor.
9. All the thing is needed is a supply of oil.
10. He paid the boy 10 yuan for washing ten windows, most of these hadn’t been cleaned for a year.
11. She heard a terrible noise, that brought her heart into her mouth.
12. Alice received an invitation from her boss, it came as a surprise.
13. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person whom she could turn for help.
14. The weather turned out to be fine, that was more than we could expect.
15. After living in Paris for 50 years, he returned to the small town in that he grew up as a child.
16. In 1939 Alfred Butts happened to meet a man called Jim Brunot which showed an interest in the new game.
17. This is not a particular year on which people cannot get married.
18. Ella Fant was a middle-aged lady that she lived with her son in a small house.
19. It was a meeting where the German Commander Lutjens didn’t want to attend.
20. One pioneer, in particular, that disagrees with the idea is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK.
21. The schools admitted not all children would succeed in the profession at which they got trained.
22. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country where is home to one fifth of mankind.
23. A computer can only do the work what you have instructed it to do.
24. Let’s go to the bookstore which we can get the magazine we need.
25. Is this school where your brother graduated from?
26. China has hundreds of islands, the largest one is tai*.
27. As they met each other, they talked about the labs and teachers who they thought of in the school.
28. Which anybody can see, our school is exactly like a beautiful park.
29. Han Meimei is the girl whom I think is beautiful and honest.
30. I still remember the days that I settled down in a faraway village.
31. Do you remember the years when we spent studying in the same school?
32. You are the very one of my students who has turned teacher in Beijing Normal University.
33. Don’t read such books that can poison us in thought.
34. There isn’t much which you can do to help us.
35. This wild grass is used as food by villagers their families are very poor.
36. He left home for tai* in 1947, when he died of cancer.
37. this is the only way which you can work out this maths problem.
38. You helped my son with his English, it was very kind of you.
39. I never forget the reason why you gave for not lending money to me
40. The man he is talking with your father is our headmaster.
41. Our school has 25 English teachers, 70% of which are women.
42. Jane and Peter are sister and brother, so Jane has the same kind-hearted mother as Peter has.
43. The car, on which Smith paid 200,000 yuan, was stolen yesterday.
44. I’d like to buy the coat, of which is made cotton cloth.
45. I stood by the window of the fourth floor, through that I could see the train passing far away.
46. The teacher, who I had learned a great deal, died ten years ago.
47. I often think of the years in which I spent in the countryside with some peasants.
48. The old man I spoke to him just now is a retired teacher.
49. Such idioms which we have studied are widely used today.
50. This is the man whom I referred to you at the meeting the other day.
51. Mathilde was fond of her dress, when Della never was.
52. My classmate Hua Ying got rich, why I unfortunately didn’t.
53. She is not the cheerful lady what she used to be.
54. I, am your friend, will try my best to help you.
55. “Do you like the bike?” “It’s quite different from which I used yesterday.”
56. A waiter is a man who work is serving the customers in a restaurant.
57. All the apples are fell from such a tree are not fit to eat for children.
58. The boy studying here must be from Africa, who can be seen from his black skin.
59. The captain entered a farm house, in from of that sat a small boy.
60. It was unexpected, Father offered me 500 dollars for Christmas.
61. The glasses, without that he was like a blind man, were worth over 100 dollars.
62. Was there anything else which you left in the hotel last time?
63. There is no man that is willing to learn from you in this club.
64. The door where Della waited for her husband was always open.
65. he is ready to help others that in trouble.
66. To be a good teacher, you must have a good and strong pleasing voice is fully under your control.
67. In the European Union, which 81% of the land is farmed, there is plenty of food.
68. His talk, which most of listeners were tired, went on and on.
69. Please wake me up at two o’clock, when I have to attend an important meeting.
70. This is the only place which they can stay at.
Key:
1. which→who/that 2. which→when 3. 去掉which 前面的in 4. what→that或去掉what
5. that→where 6. his→whose 7. which→that或去掉which 8. her→whose 9. 去掉第一个is, 过去分词needed作定语修饰thing，或者在thing后面加关系代词that，that is needed是定语从句. 10. these→which 11. that→which 12. it→which 13. whom前面加to 14. that→which, 也可将that改为as 15. that→which 16. which→who 17. on→in 18. 去掉she 19. where→which / that, 或去掉where 20. that→who 21. at→for 22. where→that / which 23. what→which / that 24. which→where 25. where→the one 26. one 后面加of which 27. who→that
28. Which→As 29. whom→who 30. that→when 31. when→which或去掉when 32. who→that 33. that→as 34. which→that 35. their→whose 36. when→where 37. which前面加in
38. it→as / which 39. why→that 40. he→who 41. which→whom 42. as→that 43. on→for
44. 将of移至made之后 45. that→which 46. who→from whom 47. 去掉which前面的in 48. 去掉him 49. which→as 50. 去掉you 51. when→which 52 why→as 53. 去掉what 54. am前面加who 55. which→the one 56. who→whose 57. as→that 58. who→as 59. that→which 60. It→As 61. that→which 62. which→that 63. that→but 64. whereat/against which
65. that后面加are 66. is 前面加which 67. which→where 68. 把of提到which前面 69. when→by which 70. which→that
初中定语从句复习课件 篇26
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如：
There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的.时候。
Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
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